{"id":1835,"date":"2017-10-27T20:41:53","date_gmt":"2017-10-27T20:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/s.pera-ensemble.com\/?page_id=1835"},"modified":"2023-12-09T10:09:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-09T09:09:12","slug":"programm-sultans-of-the-opera","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pera-ensemble.com\/en\/programm-sultans-of-the-opera\/","title":{"rendered":"Sultans of the Opera"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sultans of the Opera\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Turquerien und Alla Turca\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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1389 Battle of Kosovo was the first time the Ottoman army and the European nations of the time met in a military confrontation. This is the beginning of numerous warlike encounters between Orient and Occident in the centuries to come. The Ottoman dreams of expansion towards the West with the multiple siege of Vienna ended abruptly after the last siege of Vienna in 1683, where the Ottomans were repulsed by the Holy Alliance of Europeans.<\/p>

However, the Crusaders had already fought against the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century and lost Jerusalem to them. All subsequent crusades were remembered by the European peoples through wars against Turks. As a result, the image of Turks was dominated by stereotypes that emphasized cruelty because of the Turkish wars.<\/p>

The reception of the conquest of Otranto is an example of this expression of Turkish fear. But after Venice, in particular, wanted to create a more positive relationship with its eastern competitor after the first great war against the Ottomans and sent artists to the Sultan, the image of Turks in art changed lastingly.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnrealistic stereotypes were replaced, but at first only by more neutral, realistic ones, since the same pictures were always used. A purely positive image did not open up as a result either. The warlike aspect of the Ottomans seems to have remained in the foreground. At the same time, however, one also perceived other aspects and showed some interest in being different. Often enough the \u201cTurk\u201d could become a model for old and new virtues. Turkish motifs already found their way into Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. This corresponded to the curiosity of the time for exotic culture, which until the 19th century was the immediate neighbour of European great powers.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn the 16th century a political friendship had developed between France and the Ottoman Empire. Fran\u00e7ois I was the fiercest adversary of Emperor Charles V for the supremacy in Europe. In the first war against Charles, Fran\u00e7ois was captured by Charles. S\u00fcleyman the Magnificent had freed the French king Fran\u00e7ois I from Charles V\u2019s captivity. Thus Fran\u00e7ois had sent a legation to the High Gate in Constantinople, but the return visit took more than 150 years. The envoy S\u00fcleyman Aga was received by Louis in Versailles, where the meeting ended in a diplomatic scandal.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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When S\u00fcleyman Aga was asked afterwards what impression the French king had made on him, he replied that \u201chis master\u2019s horse was much richer decorated when he went to the Friday prayer\u201d. He made the king\u2019s exaggerated order ridiculous in public. Ludwig commissioned Moli\u00e8re to write a piece which was to depict the Turks in a ridiculous manner, Lully composed the ballet comedy Le Bougeois gentilhomme especially at the request of Ludwig the 14th, to which Ludwig danced in oriental robes. And indeed, the \u201cc\u00e9r\u00e9monie turque\u201d and the \u201cBallet des Nations\u201d are the first receptions of Turkish music in opera literature.<\/p>

Turkish fashion reached its peak in the 18th century: Ottoman legations arrived in Paris, Vienna and Berlin. Their magnificent receptions nourished the ideas of a lavishly rich fairyland.<\/p>

Turkish fashion is no longer a means of dealing with collective fears in the style it was at the time of the bloody conflicts with the Ottoman Empire. More and more, La Turquerie is becoming the fashion of the time and, in addition to providing an occasion to dress up at courtly festivities, is also a welcome opportunity to retreat into the private sphere.<\/p>

The courts built their own Janissary bands, made music in Turkish style and with Turkish motifs \u2013 and dressed up in Turkish style. August the Strong celebrated in Dresden the marriage of his son in 1719 in Turkish style. A Turkish wedding with opera performances, ballets and hunting parties. All of Europe was here. The cr\u00e8me de la cr\u00e8me of music, like the singer Senesino and the prima donna Faustina, sang to the music of composers such as Hasse, Lotti, Wei\u00df, Heinichen and Quanz, who composed new music for this spectacle. The great masters such as Porpora and Handel were also present.<\/p>

In honour of Maria Josepha August even staged a whole \u201cTurkish Festival\u201d. For this he not only had another Turkish palace prepared, but also converted entire infantry battalions into Janissary Guards. The Saxon recruits had to leave a \u201cmoustache \u00e0 la Turque\u201d and were armed with Turkish daggers and shotguns. Apparently the Ottoman fever knew hardly any borders, so August is said to have disguised himself as a sultan \u2013 in admiration for the omnipotence and military power of the ruler of the Bosporus, suspected from a European point of view.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Many a sabre may have been swung by the false Saxon Janissaries at the princely wedding in 1719. Among the absolute highlights of the T\u00fcrcken Cammer in Dresden, however, are two Ottoman state tents. Under their richly embroidered fabric panels, visitors walk like August the Strong once did. His forefathers had already collected weapons and helmets, saddles and breastplates from the Orient, but it was only under his reign that Turkish fashion reached its absolute peak. While before the 18th century many pieces of the chamber arrived in Dresden as booty from the Turkish wars or diplomatic gifts, August 1713 sent his faithful valet Johann Georg Spiegel to Constantinople with a shopping list. These costumes, weapons and oriental utensils were also used in the numerous Turkish operas.<\/p>\n

In addition to robes, weapons, carpets and tents, the costume also contained the desire for living exotic personnel such as slaves and eunuchs. Ten years earlier, for example, the gallant August had already had a liaison with a Turkish partner named Fatima.<\/p>\n

Fatima gave him two children and was later married to Diener Spiegel. Meanwhile, the princely womanizer continued to work on the Saxon version of a seraglio: with his countless mistresses and lovers, he also saw himself in the tradition of eastern harem lords.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Music<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The influence of the Turkish Ottoman on Western music consists above all in the adoption of percussion instruments (triangle, bell tree, cymbal, large drum), which in the Ottoman army should have a thoroughly deterrent function on the opponent. This military warlike \u201cnoise\u201d then went into Western compositions as music \u201calle turca\u201d.<\/p>

Johann Adolf Hasse wrote his opera \u201cSolimano II\u201d in 1753, Paul-C\u00e9sar Gibert\u2019s \u201cSoliman second ou Les Trois Sultanes\u201d follows in 1761, David Perez\u2019s opera \u201cSolimano\u201d is premiered in Lisbon in 1768 and Guiseppe Sartis\u2019s \u201cSoliman den anderen\u201d in Copenhagen in 1770.<\/p>

In 1782 Mozart finally staged his Singspiel \u201cDie Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail\u201d. The setting is a country house in Turkey, the main characters being three Europeans imprisoned as slaves and a fourth approaching their liberation, the owner of the country house, Bassa Selim, and his servant Osmin, who is also master of the European slave Blonde.<\/p>

In his piece, Mozart takes up the common Turkish clich\u00e9s of his century: Osmin is the foolish, bloodthirsty and exaggeratedly bramar-based Turk, who by his pompous words alone (\u201cFirst decapitated, then captured, then speared on long sticks\u201d) challenges people to outwit him. Yet he does not succumb to the cunning of the Europeans, but must give way to the wisdom of his Lord, who is not called Selim (= Solomon) for nothing. Both represent the defence mechanisms of Europe against the superior enemy of earlier times: Neither was a stupid, clumsy Turk really an enemy, nor one whose wisdom one wanted to acknowledge unreservedly (\u201cHe who can forget so much grace is viewed with contempt\u201d).<\/p>

Joseph Martin Kraus followed in Stockholm in 1789 with \u201cSoliman II eller De tre sultaninnora\u201d and Franz Xaver S\u00fcssmayr in Vienna in 1799 with his opera \u201cSoliman der Zweite oder Die drei Sultaninnen\u201d. Both are based on the story \u201cSoliman II\u201d from the \u201cContes moraux\u201d by Jean-Francois Marmontel (1761).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Project description<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Turkish opera is a genre that is inseparable from late baroque and classical music. But the European version of life at the Sultanshof always oscillates between the portrayal of power-hungry, bloodthirsty rulers and the sultry, erotic atmosphere of the harem. So it\u2019s not only time to redefine the genre, but to show the world of seraglio as it really was. In various opera scenes, conceived according to the principle of the baroque pasticcio, the Pera Ensemble takes the audience on a fascinating journey into new (sound) worlds full of passion, devotion, love and the pursuit of power. The musical realization takes place off the beaten track of Turkomania and exoticism. Through the congenial combination of Western baroque music and classical Turkish art music, the concept of the aesthetic shock known from the 18th century is prepared for today\u2019s cosmopolitan audience.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Purpose<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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As we have seen, the confrontation with the \u201cother\u201d has been a topic since the Middle Ages. However, in the 21st century this is more topical than ever with 3.5 million migrants of Turkish origin in Germany, many war refugees flowing towards Europe, clash of cultures, Islamist terror and Islamophobia. The enthusiasm in Europe for the Turks and Alla Turca can serve as a historical example to build a bridge to the present. Instead of pointing out with the index finger to meet the foreigner with respect at eye level, music can be much more effective and sustainable as a universal language. Especially when great thinkers such as Goethe and composers such as Mozart have taken an interest in Islamic and Turkish culture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Music <\/p>

as a bridge between centuries <\/p>

and cultures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFacebook-f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tInstagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tYoutube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSpotify<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sultans of the Opera Turquerien und Alla Turca 1389 Schlacht von Kosovo begegneten sich zum ersten Mal das Osmanische Heer […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":30,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1835","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nSultans of the Opera - Pera Ensemble - klassische Barockmusik Alla Turca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sultane Helden der Barockopern von H\u00e4ndel, Vivaldi, Bernasconi. 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